Exam 1A, Spring 2003

1. In aqueous solution, dihydrogen phosphate ion reacts with carbonate ion to give hydrogen carbonate ion and hydrogen phosphate ion. 1.0 mole of each reactant was placed in a 1.0 L vessel and allowed to react; after 10.0 s, 0.9 mole of carbonate ion was found to be remaining in the reaction flask.

a) Write the balanced chemical reaction.

b) What is the rate of loss of carbonate ions?

c) What is the rate of gain of hydrogen phosphate ions?

2. Dinitrogen pentoxide gas decomposes into nitrogen dioxide gas and dioxygen gas at 335 K. The time evolution of the loss of dinitrogen pentoxide was measured and the data plotted as shown below.

a) Write the balanced chemical reaction.

b) Determine the order of the reaction. Explain how you found the order.

c) Find the rate constant for the reaction at 335 K. Give the units of the rate constant.

3. Draw the transition state diagram for an exothermic reaction. Label the axes, reactants, products, activated complex, and the activation energy.

4. Write the mass action expressions for K_c for the following reactions:

a) N₂(g) + O₂(g) → ← N₂O(g) + NO₂(g)

b) C(s) + H₂(g) → ← CH₄(g)

c) CO₂(g) + H₂O(l) → ← H₂CO₃(aq)

5. For the reaction N₂(g) + O₂(g) + Cl₂(g) → ← NOCl(g), a mixture containing each reactant at a partial pressure of 2.0 atm was allowed to react. When equilibrium was established, the partial pressure of nitrogen was found to be 1.0 atm. Find K_p for the reaction.

6. The following reaction was allowed to come to equilibrium.

C(s) + H₂O(g) → ← CO(g) + H₂(g)   ΔH° = 131 kJ/mole

Which way does the reaction shift if:

a) carbon monoxide is added to the reaction?

b) the temperature is raised?

c) the pressure is increased by reducing the volume of the reaction vessel?

d) a small amount of graphite is removed from the reaction vessel?

7. Consider the following mechanism for some hypothetical reaction:

A(g) + B(g) → ← C(g)    k₁ = 0.1 M^–1s^–1, K_p = 10

C(g) + B(g) → ← D(g)    k₂ = 100 M^–1s^–1, K_p = 1

a) Write the net reaction.

b) Write the rate law for the net reaction.

c) Find the numerical value for K_p for the net reaction.

Answers